An Improved Smooth Rotation Correction for the Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model for Better Off-Body Vortex Prediction and Vortex–Vortex Interaction Effects
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a new modification of the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model, named SA-R23, to improve the capture of off-body vortices in the flow by means of a smooth Rotation correction. The new rotation correction has the same basics as the one of Dacles-Mariani et al. (SA-R) (Dacles-Mariani et al. 1995. “Numerical/experimental Study of a Wingtip Vortex in the near Field.” AIAA Journal 33 (9): 1561–1568), but has more favourable numerical properties especially for high-order Navier–Stokes solvers. The key mission of the -R models is to prevent the intense dissipation of the cores free vortices by the Spalart–Allmaras model; other eddy-viscosity models have similar issues. This makes Delta and similar wing configurations excellent cases for validation, which is facilitated by recent three-dimensional experimental measurement systems. The tightened vortices also have a favourable impact on commercial-airplane high-lift systems, helicopter and open-rotor blade-vortex interactions, vortex generators, cavitation and contrails. This paper also shows the ability of metric-based anisotropic mesh adaptation combined with the -R models to accurately capture complex off-body flow physics. The approach is challenged on a particularly complex test case: a generic military aircraft with varying leading-edge sweep at high angle of attack. Detailed flow-field comparisons are shown, as well as the mesh convergence of aero coefficients and force polars.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it