Resilience Assessment of Shape Memory Alloy–Reinforced Concrete Coastal Bridges Subjected to Tsunami Loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consequences of natural hazards like tsunamis often lead to severe damage to coastal bridges, resulting in socioeconomic loss, delays in rescue operations, and even loss of human lives. It is therefore important to quantify the vulnerability and improve the resilience of coastal bridges subjected to tsunami loading using advanced construction materials. This paper is the first-ever attempt to study the potential of the nickel–titanium shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA) reinforcement in enhancing the resilience of reinforced concrete coastal bridges exposed to tsunami loads. The load modeled included drag, inertia, and slamming components. The impact of time-varying debris load associated with the tsunami waves was also analyzed. Under three representative wave periods, several combinations of wave heights were considered as the variable intensity measures for the fragility and resiliency assessments. The analysis results showed that the Ni-Ti SMA reinforcement in the plastic hinge region allows the piers to sustain higher drifts before significant damage compared to the conventional steel-reinforced piers. Moreover, the SMA-reinforced piers exhibited lower fragility and functionality loss under tsunami loads having wave periods greater than 5.50 s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".