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Record W4407050410 · doi:10.1002/advs.202416053

Exploration of Multidimensional Structural Optimization and Regulation Mechanisms: Catalysts and Reaction Environments in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

2025· review· en· W4407050410 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAdvanced Science · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldChemical Engineering
TopicAmmonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersNatural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
KeywordsAmmonia productionNanotechnologyEnvironmentally friendlyElectrochemistryCatalysisBiochemical engineeringChemistryEnvironmental scienceProcess engineeringMaterials scienceOrganic chemistryEngineeringEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Ammonia (NH 3 ) is esteemed for its attributes as a carbon‐neutral fuel and hydrogen storage material, due to its high energy density, abundant hydrogen content, and notably higher liquefaction temperature in comparison to hydrogen gas. The primary method for the synthetic generation of NH 3 is the Haber–Bosch process, involving rigorous conditions and resulting in significant global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. To tackle energy and environmental challenges, the exploration of innovative green and sustainable technologies for NH 3 synthesis is imperative. Rapid advances in electrochemical technology have created fresh prospects for researchers in the realm of environmentally friendly NH 3 synthesis. Nevertheless, the intricate intermediate products and sluggish kinetics in the reactions impede the progress of green electrochemical NH 3 synthesis (EAS) technologies. To improve the activity and selectivity of the EAS, which encompasses the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen gas, nitrate, and nitric oxide, numerous electrocatalysts and design strategies have been meticulously investigated. Here, this review primarily delves into recent progress and obstacles in EAS pathways, examining methods to boost the yield rate and current efficiency of NH 3 synthesis via multidimensional structural optimization, while also exploring the challenges and outlook for EAS.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.436
Threshold uncertainty score0.769

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.268
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it