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Record W4407056506 · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.054

Racial/ethnic inequities in potentially harmful supplement use: Results of a prospective US cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic

2025· article· en· W4407056506 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Destiny A. Jackson, Ariel L. Beccia, Amanda Raffoul, Vishnudas Sarda, Jorge E. Chavarro, Jaime E. Hart, S. Bryn Austin

Bibliographic record

VenuePublic Health · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicComplementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersMaternal and Child Health BureauNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteHealth Resources and Services AdministrationNational Institutes of HealthNational Institute on Minority Health and Health DisparitiesNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchCenters for Disease Control and PreventionOffice of Dietary Supplements
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PandemicEthnic group2019-20 coronavirus outbreakMedicineProspective cohort studySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Environmental healthCoronavirus InfectionsCohort studyCohortBetacoronavirusVirologyPolitical scienceOutbreakDiseaseInfectious disease (medical specialty)Internal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.081
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.146
GPT teacher head0.428
Teacher spread0.282 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno

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