Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Grand Lake, located in Labrador, at the northeastern margin of North America, is a deep lacustrine basin that contains a well-preserved annual laminations record spanning the interval 493 to 2016 CE (1524 years). The chronology of this new varved sequence is established from layer counting of high-resolution images of thin sections. Radiometric dating (137Cs and 14C) validates the reliability of the varve chronology. Varve thickness is significantly correlated (r = 0.38) with the total precipitation recorded at the nearest weather station Goose A. The varve thickness series reveals high values during the 1050–1225 CE period, that is corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly, whereas the 15th–19th centuries, related to the Little Ice Age, shows low values. The teleconnections between several Goose A instrumental data series and some modes of climate variability such as the winter Greenland Blocking (negative North-Atlantic Oscillation) and the significant correlations between our varve thickness record and three other Northern Hemisphere high-resolution proxy records suggest that the Grand Lake record tracks North-Western Atlantic large-scale mode of hydroclimate variability over the past ~1500 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.017 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.315 | 0.226 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".