Bibliographic record
Abstract
The giant muscle protein titin is largely responsible for the passive elasticity of the muscles. The I-band part of titin is elastic, and its constitutive immunoglobulin (Ig) domains undergo force-induced unfolding and refolding when the muscle is stretched toward or beyond the end of the physiological range of sarcomere length. Correct folding of the titin Ig domains is essential to the structure and functions of titin. Although our knowledge of titin elasticity at the molecular level has been largely obtained from single molecule experiments, titin does not exist as an isolated molecule. Instead, six titins are parallelly organized in the muscle sarcomeres. It remains unknown what impact such a parallel organization brings on the folding of titin Ig domains and titin elasticity. Using the two-molecule force spectroscopy technique, here, we report the direct observation of the intermolecular misfolding of titin Ig domains that are arranged in parallel. Our results reveal that when parallelly arranged, two I94 domains can misfold into an intermolecular domain-swapped state that is thermally and mechanically stable. Such intermolecular misfolding may play important structural and functional roles in titin organization and elasticity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".