Reliability Model of Joint Electricity and Natural Gas System Considering Electric Compressor Failures under Different Network Topologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We formulate a steady-state operational model for natural gas and electric transmission that is capable of considering bi-directional interdependence. The electric transmission system depends on the gas transmission system to provide fuel to power plants for reliable operations. The gas transmission system depends on the electric transmission system to provide power for some compressors, which ensure sufficient gas deliverability. We illustrate our formulation using a gas-grid test system with realistic properties, that is based on the topology of these networks in the northeastern part of the United States and Canada. Subjecting this test system to failures involving both natural gas and electric transmission demonstrates that having a larger fraction of electric-driven gas compressors (which rely on the power grid) worsens the impact of contingencies, relative to having compressors that use natural gas and on-site engines to run. The extent of this impact is sensitive to both the spatial pattern of gas-fired generation in the power grid, and the spatial distribution of electrified compressors in the gas transmission grid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".