Exploring the Effect of Lanthanum on the Corrosion Resistance and Antimicrobial Properties of Fe–20Cr–18Ni–6Mo–0.8Cu–0.2N Stainless Steel in Seawater
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of lanthanum (La) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe–20Cr–18Ni–6Mo–0.8Cu stainless steel in seawater. Microstructural analysis shows that La addition refines grain size and alters precipitated phases. X‐ray diffraction confirms austenitic structures, while transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of Cu 5 La compounds and ferrite/σ phases. Electrochemical tests indicate that the sample without La has the highest open‐circuit potential and best corrosion resistance in nonseawater conditions. However, after 16 days of seawater exposure, the 0.5 wt% La sample exhibits superior corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.0175 mm/a, while higher La contents (1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt%) leads to poor corrosion resistance and large corrosion craters. Scanning electron microscopy confirms minimal surface corrosion for the 0.5 wt% La sample. In sulfate‐reducing bacteria environments, La enhances corrosion resistance, except for pitting corrosion observed in the 1.5 wt% sample. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy shows minimal surface potential fluctuation (from −30 to 10 mV) for the 0 wt% La sample, indicating the best corrosion resistance. This study provides insights into the role of rare earth elements in super austenitic stainless steels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it