Four new adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) species from Bhutan, including the first legless species of Aphidomorpha
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new subgenus and four new species of Adelges (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) are described from Bhutan. To support their taxonomic placement, we provide a phylogeny of Adelgidae reconstructed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Cassiadelges subgen. nov is distinguished by the combination of feeding on Larix secondary hosts, having tergites of the head and pronotum fused into a cephaloprothoracic shield, and having only acuminate setae on the terminal abdominal segments. Adelges (Cassiadelges) coccipus sp. nov. feeds on Larix griffithii. This remarkable species is the only known member of Aphidomorpha that is lacking legs. The first instar nymph has legs, while the second instar to adult have vestigial legs present as small cuticular protrusions with clusters of setae. Its discovery presents an exciting opportunity to examine the evolutionary development of insect limb formation from a new perspective. Adelges (Cholodkovskya) changaphuensis sp. nov. feeds and forms galls on Picea spinulosa. Adelges (Aphrastasia) densae sp. nov. feeds on Abies densa. This may be the same as what was reported on this host in 1985 as Chermes abietispiceae Stebbing (nomen dubium). Adelges (Annandina) lepsimon sp. nov. feeds on Tsuga dumosa. It is separated from the only other member of its subgenus, Adelges (Annandina) tsugae Annand, by first instar exules having a pair of prominent anterior cephalic wax glands. It feeds between the needles on twigs in a similar fashion to A. (An.) tsugae Annand, which is also found in Bhutan, making it difficult to distinguish them in the field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".