Unique slip mechanisms and flow behavior during high-temperature deformation of additively manufactured high carbon stainless steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-temperature deformation experiments were performed on 420 stainless steels (AM420SS) fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, both below and above its Ae 3 temperature ranging from 700 to 1150 °C and across two orders of magnitude of strain rates from 0.01 to 1 s −1 . Prior to the hot compressive tests, the reconstruction of parent austenite grains in the as-3D printed state was carried out, revealing that adjacent grains have similar alignment of primary slip systems along the building direction. The melt pool morphology and layered grain distribution of the as-3D printed AM420SS led to non-uniform texture development during hot compression, caused by the mismatch of dominant slip systems in different regions. Using the Kocks-Mecking (K-M) model, we found that dynamic recovery predominates at higher strain rates, while dynamic recrystallization becomes significant at lower strain rates and higher temperatures, as shown by reconstructed austenite grain sizes and recrystallization kinetics via the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model. The activation energy of AM420SS was calculated to be 382 kJ/mol, with dislocation glide identified as the rate-determining deformation mechanism, indicated by an n value of 2.9. The prior austenite grain size increased while the shape factor decreased at higher temperatures, with a high density of stored energy constrained between growing austenite grains promoting preferential grain growth at lower strain rates. The findings from this work can guide the development of a combined net-shape fabrication technique with a high-temperature forming route to produce dense structures with controlled local texture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".