Bibliographic record
Abstract
The breakup process of a viscoelastic filament is investigated for a range of fluids with different polymer concentrations and solvent viscosities. Images taken by a high-speed camera show that the filament first thins exponentially to a terminal diameter and then generates surface waves, which form drops in a cascade manner, known as beads-on-string structures. The time spent in the exponential thinning stage is proportional to the relaxation time (λr) of the fluid, and it takes about 6λr for the tested fluids to reach the terminal diameter. The Rayleigh–Plateau instability gives reasonable prediction on the wavelength of surface waves but overestimates the growth rate. The sizes of different generations of beads are proportional to the filament diameters at which they form and can be predicted by a model based on the filament thinning rate. The bead size distribution has a Gamma distribution, and increases in polymer concentration and solvent viscosity result in a more uniform bead size distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".