Incidences économiques et défi fiscal du commerce en ligne au Québec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les consommateurs québécois effectuent de plus en plus d’achats en ligne. Cependant, la majorité des montants sont dépensés sur des sites de l’extérieur (ailleurs au Canada ou à l’étranger). La consommation en ligne récupérée par les détaillants Web locaux étant relativement faible, on observe le remplacement de ventes locales par des importations, ce qui génère des fuites de recettes fiscales. Si l’achat en ligne constitue une tendance lourde, il est néanmoins possible d’en atténuer l’impact sur les finances publiques. En complément des mesures prises par le Québec dans le cadre du Budget 2018-2019, une piste à considérer rapidement est l’application uniforme des taxes de vente sur les importations de biens corporels. L’application uniforme de ces taxes rendrait les importations moins attrayantes qu’elles ne le sont déjà, ce qui répondrait aux questions d’équité soulevées par les commerçants locaux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".