Asymmetric Electrode Ionomers Based on Polydiallyldimethylammonium Block Copolymers for Enhanced Performance in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fuel cells offer a promising solution for clean energy conversion, with anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) being particularly attractive for their potential to use less expensive, non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts. Despite significant progress in AEMFCs in recent years, their performance is limited by instability often resulting from water imbalance within the cell (e.g, anode flooding, cathode dry-out). Implementing asymmetric electrode anion exchange ionomers (AEIs), i.e., using a hydrophobic AEI at the anode to inhibit swelling and a hydrophilic AEI at the cathode to prevent water depletion, could overcome issues of poor water management. In this study, block copolymer (BCP) AEIs of polydiallyldimethylammonium hydroxide-block-polystyrene (PDADMAOH-b-PS) were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, achieving ion exchange capacities of 1.03 to 3.40 mmol g−1. These BCP AEIs were employed in the AEMFCs to optimize water distribution by controlling the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the gas diffusion layers. Our results demonstrated lower ohmic losses and mass transport limitations in the asymmetric electrode design vs the symmetric analog.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".