Bibliographic record
Abstract
The debate over denominators for gestational age-specific analyses has challenged perinatal epidemiology for almost 40 years.Yudkin et al. [1] first proposed that stillbirths be counted as a function of foetuses in utero, a method expanded on by Joseph et al. [2] and others into what we now know as the 'fetuses at risk'.This has led to extensive debate and discussion in the literature on choices of denominators, including several papers in this journal [3][4][5].In this issue of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Sexton et al. [6] study trends in gestational agespecific stillbirth in Australia with three different denominators: all births at a specific gestational age, all foetuses at risk and continuity-corrected foetuses at risk measure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.070 | 0.124 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.032 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.028 | 0.040 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".