Activating Organic Electrode for Zinc Batteries via Adjusting Solvation Structure of Zn Ions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Zinc‐organic batteries, combining the low cost and high capacity of Zn anodes with the tunable and sustainable properties of organic cathodes, have garnered significant attention. Herein, we present a zinc‐organic battery featuring a poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PBQS) cathode, a Zn anode, and an N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)‐based electrolyte, which delivers a high capacity (200 mAh g −1 ), excellent rate capability, and an ultra‐long cycle life (10,000 cycles) when tested with a low PBQS loading (2 mg cm −2 ). The charge storage mechanism in the PBQS cathode involves solvated Zn 2+ adsorption and consequent Zn 2+ coordination with PBQS companied by de‐solvation process, as confirmed by in situ FT‐IR analysis. However, sluggish Zn 2+ de‐solvation leads to a loss of Zn 2+ coordination capacity when tested with higher PBQS loading (8 mg cm −2 ) even at a low current density of 0.2 A g −1 . Remarkably, the addition of 2 % H 2 O to the DMF electrolyte incorporates 0.24 H 2 O into the primary solvation sheath of Zn 2+ , significantly facilitating the de‐solvation process. As a result, the PBQS cathode (8 mg cm −2 ) retains its Zn 2+ storage capacity when using the modified electrolyte. This approach offers a new strategy for improving the rate performance of organic electrodes, complementing existing conductivity enhancements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".