Analysis of Sleep Quality Categories and Associated Factors in Patients on Hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Latent profile analysis is a statistical method for identifying potential groups or profiles and categorizing individuals accordingly. In psychology and social sciences, it is frequently employed to explore the latent group structure in data, aiding researchers in comprehending disparities and similarities among different groups. This study utilized latent profile analysis to explore the potential categories of sleep quality in patients on hemodialysis and analyze the factors associated with each category. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to select 268 patients who received maintenance hemodialysis treatment at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2023 to June 2024. This study was a cross-sectional survey, and data were collected using a general information survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Frailty Screening Scale, and Fatigue Scale-14. Different sleep types were identified in patients on hemodialysis using latent profile analysis, and the factors affecting sleep quality in each type were analyzed. FINDINGS: The study included 154 males and 114 females, with a mean age of 61.07 ± 13.72 years and a median dialysis duration of 4.00 (2.00, 9.00) years. Latent profile analysis identified four sleep quality categories among patients on hemodialysis: good sleep quality (35.30%), insufficient sleep time with high medication use (13.80%), good sleep time with high medication use (4.50%), and insufficient sleep time with low medication use (46.40%). Sex, age, employment status, ultrafiltration volume, frailty screening scale, and fatigue rate-14 were compared among the different categories, revealing significant differences (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Latent profile analysis identified four sleep quality categories among patients undergoing hemodialysis, with factors, such as age, dialysis duration, and the presence of frailty influencing sleep quality differently. Future efforts should focus on this population by providing targeted health counseling and psychological support tailored to the characteristics of each sleep category to address their sleep issues and improve their quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".