Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect: Definitions, Nomenclature, and Classification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This manuscript will provide information about pulmonary atresia + ventricular septal defect, including definitions, nomenclature, and classification, based on the 2021 International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-11 ). The 2021 IPCCC and ICD-11 provide the following definition for Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia: Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia is defined as “A congenital cardiovascular malformation that is a variant of tetralogy of Fallot in which there is no direct communication between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arterial tree.” The 2021 IPCCC and ICD-11 provide the following definition for Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries: Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries is defined as “A congenital cardiovascular malformation that is a variant of tetralogy of Fallot in which there is no direct communication between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arterial tree and there are collateral blood vessels between the systemic and pulmonary arteries.” “Tetralogy of Fallot + pulmonary atresia” is a specific type of “pulmonary atresia + ventricular septal defect” where the intracardiac malformation is more accurately defined. The presence or absence of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA[s]) does not change these definitions. Therefore, “tetralogy of Fallot + pulmonary atresia + MAPCA(s)” is a specific type of “pulmonary atresia + ventricular septal defect + MAPCA(s)” where the intracardiac malformation is more accurately defined. In the universe of patients with pulmonary atresia + ventricular septal defect, the anatomy and morphology of the pulmonary circulation to a large extent determines the surgical approach and overall outcome, with the intracardiac anatomy playing a secondary role. Based on the characterization of the pulmonary circulation, patients with pulmonary atresia + ventricular septal defect can be classified into three groups: In type A, pulmonary blood flow is provided by native pulmonary arteries (NPAs). In type B, pulmonary blood flow is provided by both NPA and MAPCA(s). In type C, pulmonary blood flow is provided only by MAPCA(s).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".