The NbCBP1-NbSAMS1 Module Promotes Ethylene Accumulation to Enhance Nicotiana benthamiana Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica Under High Potassium Status
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potassium (K) fertilization is crucial for plant resistance to pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism by which the addition of K promotes resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana to Phytophthora parasitica. We found that N. benthamiana with high K content (HK, 52.3 g/kg) produced more ethylene in response to P. parasitica infection, compared to N. benthamiana with low-K content (LK, 22.4 g/kg). An exogenous ethylene application effectively increased resistance in LK N. benthamiana to the level under HK status, demonstrating the involvement of ethylene in the HK-associated resistance in N. benthamiana. Further, transcriptome analysis showed that NbSAMS1, encoding ethylene biosynthesis, was induced to upregulate P. parasitica about five times higher in HK than in LK N. benthamiana. NbSAMS1 overexpression enhanced resistance in LK plants, whereas NbSAMS1 silencing reduced resistance in HK plants, confirming its importance in conferring resistance. Furthermore, we identified a calcium-binding protein, NbCBP1, which interacted with NbSAMS1, promoting its expression in HK N. benthamiana. Silencing NbCBP1 compromised resistance in HK N. benthamiana, whereas its overexpression improved resistance in LK N. benthamiana. Notably, NbCBP1 protected NbSAMS1 from degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby sustaining ethylene accumulation in HK N. benthamiana in response to P. parasitica infection. Thus, our research elucidated some mechanisms of the NbCBP1-NbSAMS1 module associated with disease resistance in HK N. benthamiana.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".