Breaking the Size Limit of Room-Temperature Prepared Lead Sulfide Colloidal Quantum Dots for High-Performance Short-Wave Infrared Optoelectronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of great interest for short-wave infrared (SWIR) optoelectronic devices due to their tunable bandgaps across the whole SWIR spectra. PbS CQD inks synthesized directly at room temperature (RT) and ready for the fabrication of various SWIR devices are highly demanded. There are currently no available protocols for RT synthesis of PbS CQDs with absorption beyond 1200 nm. Here, we report on the first synthesis of PbS CQDs at RT with an absorption beyond 1800 nm. There is a delicate balance between nucleation of new seeds and growth of existing dots regulated by the lead-to-sulfur (Pb/S) precursor ratio in the reaction medium, and a proper Pb/S ratio ranging from 1.1 to 2 should be maintained to keep the continuous growth. Photodiodes based on PbS CQDs with a 1550 nm excitonic absorption are fabricated to demonstrate their suitability for device applications. The resulting devices achieve a high photo responsivity of 0.635 A/W, a specific detectivity of 1.01 × 10 11 Jones, and a fast response with rise and fall times of 1.08 and 1.10 μs, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".