Evaluation of the Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Female Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: In this study, it is aimed to determine the efficacy of Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS), and to evaluate the effects of LLLT on depression, anxiety and quality of life. Material and Method: Female CPPS were included in the study. LLLT was applied to the first group, and placebo (sham operation) was applied to the second group. Patients were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MMPQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), before the treatment, at the end of treatment, and 8 weeks after randomization. Results: The patients included in the treatment group (n = 11) and in the placebo group (n = 8) were calculated as 38.91 ± 5.20 and 37.25 ± 6.34, respectively. In the treatment group, a significant difference was found between the pre-treatment (VASPre-T) and end of treatment (VASPost-T) pain values and between pre-treatment (VASPre-T) pain values and pain values measured 8 weeks after randomization (VAS8th-week) (p: 0.003, p: 0.003). Additionally, a significant improvement in MMPQ scores was also found in the treatment group. (p: 0.037 and p: 0.008 respectively). When the MMPQ and BDI values in both groups were compared, there was no difference (p>0.05). Furthermore, it was observed that the level of anxiety (BAI) decreased at the end of the treatment, although not significantly, in the placebo group (p: 0.12), Additionally, significant improvements were observed in terms of SF-36 quality of life scale sub-scores. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that LLLT, a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive and safe treatment method, can be useful in the treatment of CPPS. Yet, large-scale multi-center studies are needed to support the positive results found in favor of LLLT in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".