Adverse Childhood Experiences Influence Longitudinal Changes in Leptin But Not Adiponectin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a greater risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, play vital roles in biological processes linked to obesity and cardiometabolic risk. The adiponectin/leptin ratio may represent a marker of impaired hormonal regulation of adipose tissue. Prior cross-sectional studies suggest patterns of higher plasma leptin and lower adiponectin among adults who have experienced ACEs. This study addresses whether ACEs influence longitudinal changes in leptin, adiponectin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio, after accounting for current chronic stress and adiposity. METHODS: This longitudinal study included 192 middle-aged mothers (mean age = 46.78 years) experiencing higher (n = 108) and lower (n = 84) chronic caregiving stress. Adipokines and adiposity were measured at three timepoints: T1 (baseline), T2 (15 months later), and T3 (30 months after T1). ACEs were assessed retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS: Mixed-effect models showed that leptin and adiponectin increased over time. Greater ACEs exposure was associated with larger increases in leptin over time, but it was not related to adiponectin or the adiponectin/leptin ratio. Current caregiving stress was not related to leptin and adiponectin levels and did not interact with ACEs in predicting adipokine levels. Mediation analyses revealed that increases in waist circumference partially mediated the association between ACEs and increases in leptin over time. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs may increase vulnerability to cardiometabolic risk in midlife caregiving mothers through its influence on longitudinal changes in leptin and central adiposity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".