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Record W4407274720 · doi:10.70135/seejph.vi.4031

Challenges to Legal Protection of Third Gender Individuals

2025· article· en· W4407274720 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ms. Rakhee B Chavan, Harita Shinde Bangali

Bibliographic record

VenueSouth Eastern European Journal of Public Health · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDiscrimination and Equality Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHuman rightsDignityPolitical scienceInternational Covenant on Civil and Political RightsFundamental rightsLegislationInternational human rights lawLawCultural rightsRight to propertySociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

As society becomes more inclusive and acknowledges the diverse identities of individuals, it is crucial that legal systems recognize and respect the rights of individuals who do not neatly fit into traditional binary gender categories. Many countries worldwide have taken significant steps towards recognizing the legal rights of individuals who identify as a third gender or non-binary. International human rights standards, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Yogyakarta Principles, emphasize the fundamental principles of equality, non-discrimination, and respect for the inherent dignity of every individual. These standards provide a solid foundation for affirming the rights of individuals to self-identify their gender and be legally recognized accordingly. Legal recognition of a third gender ensures that individuals are not forced to conform to gender norms that do not align with their identity. It allows them to live authentic lives, free from discrimination, and fully participate in society on an equal footing. Furthermore, legal recognition ensures access to essential services such as healthcare, education, employment, and social security, which should be available to all individuals without any form of discrimination. Several countries have already taken progressive steps towards recognizing a third gender. Germany, Australia, India, Nepal, Canada, and Argentina are some examples of nations that have implemented legislation or court rulings to legally recognize individuals who identify outside the traditional gender binary.By embracing legal recognition of a third gender, we demonstrate our commitment to upholding fundamental human rights and fostering inclusive societies. It is an opportunity to create a more just and equitable environment where all individuals can exercise their rights and contribute to the betterment of our communities. I kindly urge you to consider supporting and advocating for the legal recognition of a third gender in line with international human rights standards. This can be achieved through legislative reforms, policy changes, and public awareness campaigns that promote equality and respect for individuals of all gender identities. The concept of a third gender refers to individuals who do not identify as exclusively male or female but rather as a gender beyond the binary. This paper examines the legal landscape surrounding the recognition and rights of third gender individuals, analyzes the obstacles they encounter within legal frameworks, and proposes potential strategies to overcome these challenges.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.013
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.827
Threshold uncertainty score0.446

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0130.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.309
GPT teacher head0.398
Teacher spread0.088 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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