Involvement of the Nigrostriatal Pathway in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Parkinsonism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence and may include parkinsonism. The underlying mechanism of parkinsonism in iNPH-whether neurodegenerative or mechanical-remains unclear. This study aimed to assess nigrostriatal integrity in iNPH patients with parkinsonism using dopaminergic transporter imaging (DAT-SPECT) and nigrosome MRI. METHODS: tests for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression (adjusted for age and sex) compared DAT binding between groups. Pearson correlation assessed relationships between striatal DAT binding and parkinsonism in patients with iNPH evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III. RESULTS: = 0.07). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that parkinsonism in iNPH may stem from mechanical disruption of the nigrostriatal pathway rather than neurodegeneration, as indicated by preserved nigrosome integrity despite reduced DAT binding. Limitations include the small sample size and lack of postsurgical follow-up data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".