The importance of cities in protecting imperiled species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Habitat loss and alteration from urbanization are key threats to biodiversity. Thus, municipal decisions around imperiled species have the potential to affect urban conservation. Using Canada as a case study, we analyzed the distribution of mapped critical habitats and range extents of imperiled species in large cities and metropolitan areas. Our analysis revealed that ~28% of species at risk of extinction in Canada, spanning nine taxonomic groups, had more than 75% of their mapped critical habitat in Canadian metropolitan areas and 14% of species were urban-restricted. To explore municipal engagement in biodiversity conservation, we assessed the consideration of imperiled species in publicly available plans and strategies for 42 of the largest Canadian metropolitan areas. Over half of cities (72%) mentioned imperiled species in biodiversity or official plans and approximately half of cities (52%) outlined actions for these species. While biodiversity conservation is one of many competing priorities in cities, given their significant overlap with critical habitat, cities can play a large role in protecting and increasing public awareness of imperiled species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".