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Record W4407365342 · doi:10.1016/j.tca.2025.179949

Thermal oxidative degradation of cyanate- and amine-cured epoxy resins: Experiment and ReaxFF simulation

2025· article· en· W4407365342 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThermochimica Acta · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicEpoxy Resin Curing Processes
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersJapan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceCouncil for Science, Technology and InnovationSwine Innovation Porc
KeywordsCyanate esterEpoxyReaxFFCyanateAmine gas treatingDegradation (telecommunications)Materials scienceChemistryPolymer chemistryChemical engineeringComposite materialOrganic chemistryMoleculeHydrogen bond

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Thermal oxidative degradation behaviors of epoxy resin cured with cyanate ester and conventional amine are experimentally evaluated in terms of heat resistance and flame retardancy, and the degradation mechanisms are further investigated using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both resins exhibit multi-step decomposition behavior, with the cyanate-cured resin showing nearly double the residual weight (char formation) compared to the amine-cured resin. ReaxFF thermal degradation simulations of a fully cured resin model, with and without oxygen, and fragmentation models were performed to elucidate the heat resistance properties associated with different molecular structures. The experimental and simulation results suggest that the degradation follows a two-step process: the first stage involves pyrolysis of the main chain, and the second stage involves oxidation of the resulting products. The high heat resistance of the triazine ring in the cyanate-cured resin delays the transition to the second stage of degradation, resulting in high thermal oxidation resistance. • Thermal oxidative degradation behavior of cyanate- and amine-cured epoxy resin. • Cyanate-cured epoxy resin exhibited higher thermal stability in thermogravimetry. • ReaxFF captured two-step thermal oxidative degradation and revealed its mechanism. • Triazine ring acts to delay the transition to the intense second decomposition stage.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.087
Threshold uncertainty score0.494

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.243 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it