PECULIARITIES OF DESIGNING MODERN BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY CENTERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF MONTREAL (CANADA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of design techniques used to create harmonious architectural compositions in the historical parts of a city. Modern architecture in historic city centers often sparks debates and disagreements. On one side, there are defenders of the classical style who claim that modern designs cannot integrate into the historical fabric, while on the other, there are advocates of innovation who believe that new ideas can enrich the urban landscape. There are many ways to combine modern design with classical architecture. It is better to use modern architectural principles rather than pursue historical reconstruction. Successful architectural compositions, combining both old and modern buildings, can be seen in Montreal. The issue of stylistic interaction between old (historic) and new architecture has been examined in various works by domestic and foreign authors [3, 4]. There is a widespread belief that modern architecture is inferior to classical beauty and, therefore, cannot be combined with it. However, such a claim is superficial and does not take into account a number of important factors. Classical architecture also varies in terms of aesthetic perception, which can easily be demonstrated using the example of Odesa. Using Montreal as an example, the goal is to propose examples of the organic interaction between old buildings and modern projects. In this city, the interaction of various architectural styles creates an atmosphere where historical elements are seamlessly intertwined with modern design (fig. 2). The aim of this article is to explore and analyze the design techniques that achieve such an effect. The results of the study suggest that modern architecture has the potential to enhance the beauty of historical parts of a city. The successful combination of different styles is possible if architects are guided by quality, policy, context, and innovation. Only in this way can harmony between old and new architecture be achieved. To cultivate new architects capable of thinking outside the box, it is essential to include courses on modern design techniques in educational programs. These courses can be conducted alongside the study of classical styles, but the emphasis should shift towards contemporary trends and ways of integrating them into urban planning. First and foremost, the understanding of heritage needs to change – it should be perceived not as a foreign object from the past in relation to modernity, but as an organic part of the city's development. The second important step is to develop a spatial development policy for cities and planning documents that would be relevant and accessible for evaluation by all residents, regardless of their interests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".