A Strong and Water‐Retaining Biomass Adhesive Inspired by Tofu
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The poor mechanical strength and low water retention of biomass adhesives present significant challenges when substituting petrochemical adhesives in practical applications. Inspired by the colloidal gel structure in Tofu, the development of a high‐performance protein‐based adhesive derived from soybean meal (SM) oxidized by glucose oxidase (GOx) and calcium sulfate oligomer (CSO) is reported. The catalytic oxidation of sugars in SM by GOx produces active carboxyl groups, increasing active sites for calcium bridge (sugar‐protein) formation in CSO. Concurrently, GOx disrupts the internal electrostatic equilibrium of SM, promoting the formation of an acid‐induced colloidal gel‐like network structure. This Tofu‐like structures can effectively minimize water evaporation and significantly enhance the interfacial adhesion. Plywood bonded with the modified adhesive demonstrates a 129% increase in wet strength compared to unmodified counterparts. Additionally, the water loss rate of modified adhesive is reduced by 30.66% at 30 minutes, while maintaining 70.37% of its initial wet strength. This enzymatically mediated organic–inorganic hybrid structure represents a promising strategy for future development of sustainable biomass adhesives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".