THE EFFECTS OF YOGA THERAPY ON STIGMA IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS: A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Stigma hinders the recovery from mental disorders due to societal statuses, social networks, and patients' pride. Self-stigma particularly internalizes fear of standing out, leading patients to experience self-blame, despair, and shame associated with their mental disorders. Patients with alcohol use disorders face self-stigma due to the lack of social acceptance for such conditions. Yoga is a mind-body exercise intervention that has gained popularity over the last decade. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported that yoga therapy effectively reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms among severe mental illnesses. However, there are limited RCTs for patients with alcohol disorders using yoga therapy, and no comprehensive evaluation for internal stigma has been conducted. Aims & Objectives In this RCT, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 10-week online yoga on stigma in outpatients with alcohol use disorders. Methods This study design is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial for outpatients with alcohol use disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases, the 11th edition, aged 20 or above under treatment at Inokashira Hospital in Japan. Participants were randomly divided into two groups; the yoga group received a 50-minute yoga session once a week for ten weeks, and the control group participated in the treatment as usual. Each session was conducted in addition to their ongoing treatments. We measured stigma using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) as primary evaluation items, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-J), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Global assessment of functioning (GAF), the EuroQol-5 dimensions classification system (EQ-5D) and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) activity as secondary evaluation items. These assessments were performed before and after the intervention and at the two-week follow-up. The data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by R. Results Results of preliminary analyses were reported herein. Twenty-seven patients participated in this study (mean± SD age 59.1±9.4 years; male, 85.2% (n=23); duration of illness, 11.3±9.2 years; duration of outpatient period, 5.1±6.0 years). Two patients (7.4%) were excluded before intervention. In the yoga group (n=13), ISMI score decreased from 62.8±10.5 at baseline to 50.4±8.2 after the intervention, and SAA activity decreased from 76.2±83.1 U/L to 27.3±25.0 U/L. In addition, ARRS score decreased from 54.4±8.3 to 41.9±5.0 and EQ-5D Index also changed from 0.80±0.23 to 0.78±0.35. While the ANCOVA demonstrated significant differences in stigma (p=0.045) and QoL (Index) (p<0.05), they disappeared after multiple comparison corrections. No significant differences were observed in other assessment scores. Conclusion The initial findings from our RCT indicate the potential advantages of 10-week online yoga sessions in mitigating internal stigma among individuals with alcohol use disorders. This study is still in progress, with a planned enrollment of 60 participants. Further inquiry is necessary to establish the efficacy of yoga sessions for individuals with alcohol use disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".