Energetic consequences of single and repeated freezing in the intertidal mussel, <i>Mytilus trossulus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bay mussel, Mytilus trossulus , is a bivalve commonly found in intertidal zones along the west coast of North America which risks freezing during low tides in the winter. Previous work has shown that despite their freeze tolerance, freezing can still cause damage. Yet little is known about the energetic consequences of these freezing events. Here we measured the oxygen consumption of mussels before and after single and repeated freezing exposures across three seasons. We compared these responses to hypoxia exposures as tissues are not perfused while frozen which inhibits gas exchange. In general, we observed that mussel metabolic rates decreased immediately after a single freeze but recovers after 24 hours. By contrast, repeated freeze-thaws caused variable effects of metabolic rate, depending on the season of exposure. Overall, this suggests that the periods of recovery that occur between freeze-thaw cycles may mitigate freezing damage. We also found that hypoxia in general causes an increase in metabolic rate and may be associated with clearing oxygen debt. Therefore, the metabolic consequences after freezing are unlikely to be driven by hypoxia stress. Here we explore the energetic costs of freezing in M. trossulus informing future research directions into the mechanisms behind freeze tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".