Summary of the mpox outbreak in Canada, April 28−December 31, 2022
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Mpox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), closely related to the virus that causes smallpox. In May 2022, cases of mpox were reported in previously non-endemic countries including Canada. Objective: To summarize the epidemiology of the mpox outbreak in Canada, as well as key public health response activities, between April and December 2022. Methods: The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) worked closely with local, provincial and territorial public health authorities to develop national case investigation and reporting tools, including national case definitions for confirmed and probable mpox cases. Based on de-identified case data submitted to PHAC, patterns and trends were examined, including the distribution of cases by sociodemographic, clinical and transmission factors. Results: Overall, 1,474 mpox cases (1,396 confirmed, 78 probable) were reported to PHAC. All reported cases were associated with MPXV clade IIb. Mpox disproportionately affected gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (80.0%) and those between 20-49 years of age (86.0%). Available data suggests that the most likely mode of disease acquisition was through sexual contact, with limited evidence on other possible modes of transmission. Some cases were hospitalized (3.0%); however, there were no mpox-related deaths in Canada. Conclusion: Rapid coordination and surveillance activities supported the timely implementation of tailored interventions, including the procurement and distribution of vaccines. These actions, coupled with vaccination uptake and behavioural changes, contributed to reducing transmission and health impacts of mpox on the Canadian population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".