Roles of interfacial-exchange kinetics and interfacial-charge mobility on fluid-sphere electrophoresis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoretic characterization of nano- and micro-metre scaled bubbles and drops is increasingly important in environmental and health sciences. Despite more than a hundred years of study, the interpretation of bubble electrophoresis data remains an unresolved fundamental problem that bridges fluid mechanics and interfacial science. This paper examines, from a theoretical perspective, how the electrophoretic mobility of small drops and bubbles responds to the interfacial kinetic-exchange rate and interfacial-charge mobility: factors that have been largely overlooked, but which provide new insights on the interpretation of $\zeta$ -potentials, which are routinely used to assess surface charge density. A variety of outcomes are demonstrated, each reflecting subtle balances of hydrodynamic and electrical forces, modulated by interfacial thermodynamics and transport. Among the findings is that irreversibly bound charge with low interfacial mobility furnishes rigid-sphere behaviour; whereas interfacial charge with high mobility produces the characteristically high electrophoretic mobilities of non-conducting, uniformly charged fluid spheres. Outcomes are more complex when drops and bubbles have interfacial charge that seeks local equilibrium with the immediately adjacent electrolyte. For example, the present model shows that interfacial-charge mobility regularizes the singular behaviour predicted by theories for fluid spheres bearing high, perfectly uniform surface charge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".