Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muslim postgraduate students in Canada face unique challenges that intersect with their cultural, academic, and religious identities. This study examines survey responses from 524 students at a Canadian university, 19.5% of whom identified as Muslim, to explore their experiences and key obstacles. Findings reveal significant challenges, including adapting to Canadian academic norms, navigating cultural integration, financial stress, and balancing religious observances within a secular academic environment. This research highlights the critical role of academic hospitality in addressing these barriers. Strategies such as culturally sensitive faculty training, inclusive orientation programs, and institutional policies tailored to religious and cultural diversity are shown to enhance students’ academic success and sense of belonging. This study contributes to the growing discourse on equity and inclusion in higher education, offering practical recommendations for fostering supportive environments for Muslim international students in Canadian post-secondary institutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".