The Dynamic Roles of Government, Higher Education, Large Enterprises, and Communities in SME Collaboration: Mediating Effect of Knowledge and Innovation Exchange
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the impact of SMEs' multidimensional strategic collaboration with government agencies, higher education institutions, large enterprises, and SME communities on performance, with inter-organizational knowledge exchange and innovation as mediating factors. Utilizing data from 411 managers of food and beverage SMEs in the Greater Malang Area, Indonesia, the research employs structural equation modelling through WarpPLS to assess the relationships among four key constructs: SME multidimensional strategic collaboration, inter-SME knowledge exchange, inter-SME innovation, and SME performance. The findings reveal that collaboration with government entities has the most significant direct and mediated effects on performance, while partnerships with universities and large enterprises produce more conditional results, depending on the SMEs' capacity to absorb and apply external knowledge and innovations. Additionally, collaboration with SME communities has a meaningful impact on knowledge exchange, which partially mediates performance outcomes, highlighting the value of peer-to-peer learning and shared experiences within SME networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".