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Record W4407583155 · doi:10.1080/03067319.2025.2463992

Health risks assessment from heavy metals in care products materials for newborns in Iraq

2025· article· en· W4407583155 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ban Hussein Ali, Ali Abid Abojassim

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHeavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHeavy metalsEnvironmental healthEnvironmental scienceMedicineEnvironmental chemistryChemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Care product materials may have heavy metals. Newborns are quickly affected by heavy metals. Therefore, harmful heavy metals in these materials are a matter of concern. So, 36 samples of care product materials (baby powder, shampoo with soap, and cream) were collected from local Iraqi markets and Pharmacies to measure the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr). Also, health risk parameters (non-carcinogens and carcinogens) such as chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Cancer Risk (CR), and Total Cancer Risk (TCR) were calculated. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in units of ppm were found in the baby powder samples at 4.41 ± 1.01 ppm, 0.71 ± 0.05 ppm, and 1.42 ± 0.14 ppm, respectively. Shampoo with soap samples were 2.21 ± 0.86 ppm, 0.50 ± 0.05 ppm, and 0.89 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. For cream samples, they were 16.45 ± 14.33 ppm, 0.45 ± 0.10 ppm, and 1.42 ± 0.09 ppm, respectively. The average values of HI and TCRx10−6 were found in the baby powder samples at 0.038 ± 0.004 and 40.11 ± 2.48, respectively. Shampoo with soap samples were 0.048 ± 0.008 and 59.34 ± 5.94, respectively. For cream samples, they were 0.051 ± 0.036 and 16.81 ± 3.41, respectively. The non-carcinogens and carcinogens of health risk indexes due to Pb, Cd, and Cr from care product materials samples used for newborns in Iraq were within the safe limits according to organisations Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN), Health Canada, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a low risk of heavy metals in care products materials for Newborns in Iraq.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.343
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.322 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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