On the nature of signal 1 delivered to lymphocytes: A critical response to some considerations put forward in support of the quantum model of T cell activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The original Two Signal Model of lymphocyte activation stated that antigen-dependent lymphocyte cooperation is required for lymphocyte activation, whereas a single or a few antigen-specific lymphocytes can be inactivated by antigen. A virtue of this model is its ability to account for peripheral tolerance. Both the activation and inactivation of lymphocytes were envisaged to require the lymphocytes' antigen-specific receptors to interact with antigen, leading to signal 1. We consider here the proposition that the sensitivity to antigen concentration for the generation of signal 1, to support both differentiation processes, is the same. This situation optimizes the reliability of peripheral tolerance and minimizes the effects of lymphocyte inactivation in decreasing the diversity of the lymphocytes. We consider the broader implications of this Principle of Parsimonious Sensitivity in regulating the activity of lymphocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".