Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper investigates the realization patterns of the glottal stop attested in Urban Central Sudanese Arabic (UCSA). To this end, the paper examines the realizations of forms whose roots consist of glottal stop radicals. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are shown to exhibit realization patterns that are explained in terms of a phonotactic constraint against syllabifying the glottal stop in a coda position. This constraint is violated to satisfy a verbal templatic requirement. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are also shown to exhibit three more unpredictable patterns in which the glottal stop is not realized even in contexts where it would be syllabified in an onset position. All root-final glottal stops are shown to have been reanalyzed as a palatal glide j in UCSA. The unpredictable patterns of root-initial and medial glottal stops are argued to indicate that this segment may be undergoing a similar reanalysis process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".