Efficacy of Different Acupuncture Techniques for Pain and Dysfunction in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various acupuncture techniques are widely applied in clinics for pain control and dysfunction relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this trial was to investigate whether the different acupuncture techniques were more effective in treating joint pain and dysfunction than were sham acupuncture or drug treatment in patients with KOA and to determine the differences in efficacy among them. In this multi-center, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to the manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), warm-needling acupuncture (WA), mild moxibustion (MM), sham acupuncture (SA), or drug treatment (Celebrex) groups. Each participant in the above groups received individual treatments for 4 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measures included the visual analog scale score (VAS) and the physical function score of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Compared with the SA group, the acupuncture technique groups (MA, EA, WA, and MM) had markedly lower patient VAS scores (− 0.61; 95% CI − 1.09 to − 0.13; P = 0.01) and lower WOMAC physical function scores (− 13.84; 95% CI − 21.14 to − 6.54; P < 0.01). Compared with Celebrex, EA had a significant advantage in reducing the VAS score (1.14; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.72; P < 0.01) and WOMAC physical function score (14.81; 95% CI 5.69 to 23.93; P < 0.01). The observed acupuncture techniques effectively relieve pain and ameliorate knee joint dysfunction in patients with KOA. EA is the most effective method of alleviating pain intensity in treating KOA. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03563690). Chronic pain and joint functional disability are the main symptoms that occur in patients with knee osteoarthritis and decrease their quality of life. As a non-pharmacological treatment, acupuncture, a traditional complementary therapy originating in China, is an effective therapy for pain control and addressing knee-related disorders in the clinic. However, the efficiency of various acupuncture techniques in treating diseases is different. The purpose of this trial was to investigate whether acupuncture techniques were more effective at controlling pain and physical dysfunction than sham acupuncture or drug treatment and to determine the differences in efficacy among them. The participants experienced different acupuncture technique treatments, including manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm-needling acupuncture, and mild moxibustion. The control treatments included sham acupuncture and drug treatment with Celebrex. We measured changes in pain perception via visual analog scale scores and physical dysfunction via physical function scores from the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Compared with sham acupuncture, the observed acupuncture techniques were effective for treating joint pain and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. We compared the efficiency of different acupuncture techniques and reported that electroacupuncture was the most effective at alleviating pain intensity. Moreover, we compared the efficiency of electroacupuncture with that of Celebrex administration. The results revealed that electroacupuncture had an advantage over drug treatment. This finding could provide sufficient evidence that demonstrates the disparity in the efficacy of acupuncture techniques and could lead to proper acupuncture therapy for treating knee osteoarthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".