Fibrous super-bridging agents simultaneously improve contaminants removal and sludge dewatering via a very compact three-in-one process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compact three-in-one water treatment process, combining a flocculant, a fibrous super-bridging agent, and a screen-based floc retention system, simultaneously improves water treatment and sludge dewatering. The presence of fibrous materials allows for the formation of very large flocs, efficient floc separation via screening (without settling), and sludge dewatering through a compact press-filter system. The implementation of this three-in-one process is possible due to the formation of very large fiber-based flocs. The sludge containing fibers was subsequently dewatered using a screen-based press filter without further chemical addition. The use of fibers also significantly improved the removal of total organic carbon, nanoplastics, and microplastics. This three-in-one process could be used for decentralized water treatment in drinking water and wastewater applications in small cities, marginalized communities, and developing countries. The compact process, which also performs sludge dewatering, would reduce the risks associated with mismanaged sludge to the environment and human health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".