Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Santiago–Guadalajara River Basin, Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Santiago–Guadalajara River Basin has an area of 10,016.46 km2. The Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, within the basin, is the second-largest city in the country, with more than 5 million inhabitants. The growth of the urban population, as well as industrial and agricultural activities with insufficient infrastructure for the sanitation of wastewater and its reuse, have caused environmental deterioration of surface waters and gradual depletion of groundwater resources. To assess the level of contamination in surface waters from the presence of heavy metals in the basin, a monthly monitoring campaign was carried out at 25 sampling stations located in the main and tributary streams from July 2021 to April 2022. The following decreasing sequence was found according to the mean concentration values: Fe > Al > Mn > B > Ba > Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) method was applied to assess the level of risk to aquatic life, finding an average global HPI value of 305.522 for the basin, which classifies it as in the critical contamination range. The results also reflect health risks due to the presence of As, Cd, and Ni in some monitored stations. It will be necessary to expand the monitoring network, identify the point and non-point sources of contamination, and implement measures for pollution control to protect aquatic life and human health due to the presence of heavy metals in the river.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".