<i>Zic3</i> represses anterior digit development in tetrapods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pentadactyl limbs represent a conserved morphological feature among tetrapods, with anterior digits considered more important than posterior digits for refined movement. While posterior digit formation is governed by graded expression of the Shh and 5’Hox genes, the regulatory mechanisms underlying anterior digit development, especially digit I (DI), remain poorly defined. This study identified an anterior expression pattern of Zic3 in the limb buds of representative tetrapods, including humans, which exerted an inhibitory effect on skeletal development. Zic3 was highly expressed in the anterior region of limb buds at early developmental stages, with species-specific divergence emerging during later development. Overexpression of Zic3 significantly delayed chondrogenesis and ossification, leading to bone shortening but not loss. Furthermore, RNA sequencing demonstrated that Zic3 down-regulated key genes associated with skeletal development, including Cytl1, Sox9, Ihh, Ptch1, Runx2, and Wnt16. These findings demonstrate that Zic3 acts as a conserved inhibitor of anterior skeletal maturation and contributes to the molecular asymmetry of tetrapod limb development.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".