Modulated magnetic and piezoresponse phase by applied electric field in 2D layered materials at room temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• 2D layered hybrid perovskite (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbIBr 3 shows room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling. • The mixed halide based 2D layered perovskite was fabricated by a novel antisolvent method. • Ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity controlled by harmonizing ferroic orders. • Electric-field modulation enables magnetic domain rotation in hybrid perovskites. • Findings enable multifunctional applications in advanced electronic and spintronic devices. A hybrid perovskite material with a Two-dimensional (2D) layered (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbIBr 3 crystal structure is presented that exhibits magnetoelectricity and piezoelectricity coupling properties at room temperature. The interaction between ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity was achieved by harmonizing their respective ferroic orders. 2D layered organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites demonstrated controlled multifunctional ferroic attributes, with each characteristic established. The magnetic and piezoresponse phase rotation was controlled by modulating the electric-field strength using the magnetoelectricity and piezoelectricity. The responsive and phase-controllable behavior of ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity in 2D hybrid perovskites was effectively managed by an external electric field induced by the coupling between ferroic orders at room temperature. This discovery offers a promising avenue for future research on hybrid perovskites with novel 2D layered-crystal structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".