Nanoscale Resolution Imaging of Whole Mouse Embryos Using Expansion Microscopy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanoscale imaging of whole vertebrates is essential for the systematic understanding of human diseases, yet this goal has not yet been achieved. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an attractive option for accomplishing this aim; however, the expansion of even mouse embryos at mid- and late-developmental stages, which have fewer calcified body parts than adult mice, is yet to be demonstrated due to the challenges of expanding calcified tissues. Here, we introduce a state-of-the-art ExM technique, termed whole-body ExM, that utilizes cyclic digestion. This technique allows for the super-resolution, volumetric imaging of anatomical structures, proteins, and endogenous fluorescent proteins (FPs) within embryonic and neonatal mice by expanding them 4-fold. The key feature of whole-body ExM is the alternating application of two enzyme compositions repeated multiple times. Through the simple repetition of this digestion process with an increasing number of cycles, mouse embryos of various stages up to E18.5, and even neonatal mice, which display a dramatic difference in the content of calcified tissues compared to embryos, are expanded without further laborious optimization. Furthermore, the whole-body ExM's ability to retain FP signals allows the visualization of various neuronal structures in transgenic mice. Whole-body ExM could facilitate studies of molecular changes in various vertebrates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it