Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for tivozanib (TIVO) + nivolumab (NIVO) vs TIVO monotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI): Results of the phase 3 TiNivo-2 study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
459 Background: The TiNivo-2 study assessed TIVO 0.89 mg + NIVO vs TIVO 1.34 mg in patients with RCC that progressed after ICI therapy. This study did not meet its primary endpoint of demonstrating a benefit of adding NIVO to TIVO vs TIVO after prior ICI exposure; however, clinically meaningful outcomes were observed with TIVO as a second-line (2L) and third-line (3L) treatment following ICI. In the intent-to-treat population, the median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.0-7.4) with TIVO + NIVO and 7.4 months (5.6-9.2) with TIVO (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84-1.43; P =.49), with fewer treatment-emergent adverse events in the TIVO + NIVO vs TIVO arm. Quality of life (QOL) data are reported here (NCT04987203). Methods: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Cancer Symptom Index–Disease-Related Symptoms (FKSI-DRS) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaires were administered at baseline (BL), day 1 of each cycle, and end of treatment. The PRO-evaluable set was defined as all randomized patients with a BL and ≥1 post-BL assessment. Descriptive statistics were provided for the FKSI-DRS and EORTC QLQ-C30 data. The number and percentage of patients categorized as having improved (I), stable (S), or deteriorated (D) QOL were summarized. Results: As of April 1, 2024, median follow-up was 12.0 months. Median duration (range) of treatment was 6·3 months (2.68-10.12) with TIVO + NIVO and 7·4 months (2.83-11.04) with TIVO. Completion rates for FKSI-DRS and EORTC QLQ-C30 were >90% at BL and >50% at week 24 (≈6 mo.) in each arm. Compliance rates for both instruments at BL and week 24 were >90%. PRO results are presented in the table. Conclusions: There were no differences in the PRO outcomes between the combination therapy and monotherapy arms or between the 2 different TIVO doses. PRO data suggested that TIVO maintained the FKSI-DRS and EORTC QLQ-C30 mean scores from BL to week 24. In the TIVO arm, the proportion of patients who had improvement in FKSI-DRS and EORTC QLQ-C30 scores was numerically better in patients receiving 2L vs 3L treatment, while the portion of patients with a deterioration was smaller in the 2L than in the 3L. Clinical trial information: NCT04987203 . PRO variables TIVO + NIVO TIVO ITT 2L 3L ITT 2L 3L FKSI-DRSBL mean (SD) 28.8 (5.6) 29.5 (4.9) 27.6 (6.5) 29.3 (5.3) 29.1(5.5) 29.5 (5.0) Week 24 mean (SD) 29.9 (4.9) 30.1 (4.7) 29.5 (5.4) 29.4 (5.3) 29.3 (4.8) 29.6 (6.3) I/S/D, % 28.2/47.2/24.6 28.0/52.7/19.4 28.6/36.7/34.7 22.9/53.5/23.6 27.5/53.8/18.7 15.1/52.8/32.1 EORTC-QLQ-C30BL mean (SD) 63.4 (23.4) 65.0 (21.8) 60.5 (26.1) 66.2 (21.4) 67.1 (21.9) 64.9 (20.7) Week 24 mean (SD) 68.7 (17.4) 68.7 (16.1) 68.6 (20.6) 64.8 (21.1) 64.6 (20.7) 65.1 (22.4) I/S/D, % 27.7/48.9/23.4 27.8/52.2/20.0 27.7/42.6/29.8 21.3/53.7/25.0 23.0/56.3/20.7 18.4/49.0/32.7
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".