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Record W4407704098 · doi:10.1180/mgm.2025.11

Mineralogy and geochemistry of pattern formation in print stone from the Pilbara, Australia

2025· article· en· W4407704098 on OpenAlex
Andrew J. Coward, Joël Brugger, Sasha Wilson, Anja C. Slim, Anton Maksimenko

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueMineralogical Magazine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicImage Processing and 3D Reconstruction
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeologyGeochemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract ‘Print stone’ is an iron-banded siltstone from the Pilbara Province of Western Australia that bears partial resemblance to iconic East Kimberley ‘zebra rock’ in both pattern morphology and mineralogical composition. Using a combination of mineralogy and elemental geochemistry, this investigation examines the mechanisms underlying the formation of periodic iron-oxide banding in print stone. We demonstrate that print stone patterns probably arose from the periodic deposition of hydrothermal pyrite during the early Palaeoproterozoic, as evidenced by the distinctive cuboid morphology of the hematite pigment, the deposition of iron oxides along fluid-transport pathways, the presence of extensive hydrothermal pyrite elsewhere in the formation, and the presence of a positive europium anomaly. Through spatial analysis of the iron-oxide banding, we further show that print stone adheres to the Liesegang spacing law with a spacing coefficient of 0.018. This suggests that the periodic deposition of pyrite in print stone arose due to the Liesegang phenomenon, which was probably triggered by the infiltration of near-neutral, sulfidic hydrothermal fluids into a ferruginous, feldspathic shale. Altogether, the present findings demonstrate the opportunity for iron-oxide Liesegang bands to develop in hydrothermal systems, providing additional insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of the East Kimberley zebra rock and other banded geological material.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.853
Threshold uncertainty score0.245

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.257
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it