Effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling on the quality and protein oxidative modification of spiced beef
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling (UT) with different ultrasound powers (frequency 20 kHz, powers of 0, 300 W, 450 W and 600 W) on the quality of spiced beef as explained from the perspective of the changes of muscle fibers and myofibrillar proteins (MPs). The results showed that pH value, tenderness and yield rate of UT groups were all apparently improved compared with the single tumbling group (P < 0.05). Ultrasound-assisted tumbling treatment could loosen muscle fiber structure supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result, and the increased myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) value (P < 0.05). Additionally, an upward trend was observed in protein oxidation degree with the rise of ultrasound power level (P < 0.05), while the difference between groups in MPs solubility was not significant (P > 0.05). Above all, ultrasound-assisted tumbling treatment could effectively improve the quality of spiced beef by exacerbating the modifications in muscle fiber structure and MPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".