The Evolution of Head-Upright Tilt-Table Testing in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: 2014-2024
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The real-world use of head-upright tilt-table tests (HUTTs) in North America is not known. This single-centre retrospective study in Toronto, Ontario, Canada reports on 1063 HUTTs conducted between 2014 and 2024. Use of the HUTT increased year over year, with a greater increase in HUTTs conducted as a result of a referral diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Using specific diagnostic criteria for syncope and POTS, patients with either diagnosis who underwent testing, after January 2021 had an almost 50% reduction in the odds of a positive HUTT (syncope: odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.73 and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: odds ratio: 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.95).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".