Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 gravitational lensing and SDSS BOSS cross-correlation measurement and constraints on gravity with the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> statistic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We derive new constraints on the ${E}_{G}$ statistic as a test of gravity, combining the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing map estimated from Data Release 6 (DR6) of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope with Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS BOSS) CMASS and LOWZ galaxy data. We develop an analysis pipeline to measure the cross-correlation between CMB lensing maps and galaxy data, following a blinding policy and testing the approach through null and consistency checks. By testing the equivalence of the spatial and temporal gravitational potentials, the ${E}_{G}$ statistic can distinguish $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ from alternative models of gravity. We find ${E}_{G}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.555)=0.3{1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.06}$ for Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and CMASS data at 68.28% confidence level, and ${E}_{G}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.316)=0.4{9}_{\ensuremath{-}0.11}^{+0.14}$ for the ACT and LOWZ. Systematic errors are estimated to be 3% and 4%, respectively. Including CMB lensing information from Planck PR4 results in ${E}_{G}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.555)=0.3{4}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.05}$ with CMASS and ${E}_{G}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.316)=0.4{3}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.11}$ with LOWZ. These are consistent with predictions for the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model that best fits the Planck CMB anisotropy and SDSS BOSS baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), where ${E}_{G}^{\mathrm{GR}}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.555)=0.401\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ for CMB lensing combined with CMASS and ${E}_{G}^{\mathrm{GR}}({z}_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.316)=0.452\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ combined with LOWZ. We also find ${E}_{G}$ to be scale independent, with probability to exceed $>5%$, as predicted by general relativity. The methods developed in this work are also applicable to improved future analyses with upcoming spectroscopic galaxy samples and CMB lensing measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".