Genetic Assessment of Holstein Cattle Using Microsatellite Markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract— The results from the analysis of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Holstein cattle from a number of regions of Russia and other countries are presented. The mean number of alleles per locus was found to be 5.43 ± 0.19 with the range of 4–13 alleles and the mean number of effective alleles was 3.26 ± 0.11. A list of 29 most frequent alleles was compiled. Twenty-two private alleles were identified, and their frequencies were in the range of 0.004–0.033. It was demonstrated that the number of locally distributed alleles in Russian herds was higher than in the animals reared in other countries. The mean level of observed heterozygosity for all loci reached 0.681 ± 0.017 and varied in the range of 0.65–0.78 with the fixation index of –0.131 ± 0.005. The genetic distances between the herds reared in Russia were <0.074. The herds of cows were found to divide into two clusters. One cluster included the animals from three oblasts of Russia, along with the bulls from Germany and the Netherlands, and the other cluster included the animals from two regions that were close to the bulls from Canada, USA, and the United Kingdom. At the same time, the bulls from Denmark and Finland were found in a separate cluster. The objective of the present study was to assess the allele pool of Holstein cattle reared in Russia and determine genetic profile of the breed using STR markers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".