Interspecies and intraspecies ‘Talk’ shape the bacterial biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bacteria pretend to organize into complex, multicellular structures known as biofilms, which enable survival and adaptation in dynamic environments. Bacterial biofilms serve diverse functions, including providing structural stability, directing metabolic adaptations, and facilitating bacterial expansion and nutrient acquisition. In natural environments, biofilms are predominantly formed by diverse multispecies bacteria. The formation of multispecies biofilms is a dynamic process shaped by intricate bacterial interactions, encompassing both cooperative and antagonistic behaviors. These interactions are mediated by signaling molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell communications, influenced by the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix and biofilm architecture. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding bacterial interactions within biofilms, focusing on mediating metabolites, underlying mechanisms, and their implications for the process of biofilm development. These insights offer a foundation for developing strategies to manipulate microbial communities and control biofilm-related challenges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".