Seismic wavefield injection based on interface discontinuity: theory and numerical implementation based upon the spectral-element method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY In seismology, wavefield injection refers to the propagation of seismic waves generated by remote sources into local domains bounded by enclosed surfaces. The simulations of wavefield injection, primarily focused on the interaction between incoming seismic waves and local structures, are key to earthquake hazard modelling and full-waveform seismic tomography using tele-seismic waves. In this paper, we show that simulating wavefield injection is equivalent to solving the wave equation subject to interface discontinuity conditions. To provide a general framework to study wavefield injection, we formally define the interface discontinuity problem, and discuss its representation theorem and uniqueness. We also develop an efficient interface-discontinuity-based numerical algorithm to solve the wavefield injection problem through implementations of spectral-element methods, and show with numerical examples that wavefield injection can be accurately simulated at different scales with this algorithm. Under this framework, we draw connections with previously proposed wavefield injection algorithms/hybrid methods, and clarify several theoretical questions on wavefield injection from previous research. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our approach through wavefield injection examples at local and continental scales. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability of the interface discontinuity approach to performing kinematic fault simulations through a numerical example.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".